Humans as *Khalifah*: A Study of Surah Al-Baqarah Verse 30 (A Comparative Study of *Tafsir al-Tabari* and *Tafsir al-Tanwir*)

Abstract

This study aims to reexamine the concept of khalifah in Q.S. Al-Baqarah verse 30 by emphasizing the position and responsibility of human beings as stewards of the earth. The research employs a qualitative library research method through a comparative study between Ath-Tabari's Tafsir as a representation of classical exegesis and At-Tanwir Tafsir as a representation of contemporary interpretation. The data were analyzed by examining and comparing the interpretations of both exegetes regarding the meaning of khalifah. The findings reveal that the concept of khalifah should not be understood merely as authority or leadership on earth, but rather as a multidimensional trust encompassing moral, social, and ecological responsibilities. Ath-Tabari emphasizes the role of humans as successors entrusted to carry out God's will on earth, while At-Tanwir expands this understanding by highlighting human responsibility in maintaining environmental balance and promoting collective welfare. Therefore, the concept of khalifah serves as an ethical foundation for fostering ecological awareness among Muslims in responding to contemporary environmental challenges.